Internetworking Terms

See XDMCP.

CCITT documents that describe data communication network standards. Well known ones include X.25 Packet Switching standard, X.400 Message Handling System, and X.500 Directory Services.

Terminal that allows a user simultaneous access to several different applications and resources in a multivendor environment through implementation of X Windows. See also X Window System.

Distributed, network-transparent, device-independent, multitasking windowing and graphics system originally developed by MIT for communication between X terminals and UNIX workstations. See also X terminal.

ITU-T standard describing an addressing scheme used in X.25 networks. X.121 addresses are sometimes called IDNs.

ITU-T standard for serial communications over synchronous digital lines. The X.21 protocol is used primarily in Europe and Japan.

ITU-T standard that defines the physical layer protocol for communication between DCE and DTE in an X.25 network. Virtually equivalent to EIA/TIA-232. See also EIA/TIA-232 and X.25.

ITU-T standard that defines how connections between DTE and DCE are maintained for remote terminal access and computer communications in PDNs. X.25 specifies LAPB, a data link layer protocol, and PLP, a network layer protocol. Frame Relay has to some degree superseded X.25. See also Frame Relay, LAPB, and PLP.

See PLP.

See PLP.

ITU-T recommendation that defines the terminal-to-PAD interface in X.25 networks. See also PAD and X.25.

ITU-T recommendation that defines the form for control information in the terminal-to-PAD interface used in X.25 networks. See also PAD and X.25.

ITU-T recommendation that defines various PAD parameters used in X.25 networks. See also PAD and X.25.

ITU-T recommendation specifying a standard for e-mail transfer.

ITU-T recommendation specifying a standard for distributed maintenance of files and directories.

ITU-T specification that defines the signaling system between two PDNs. X.75 is essentially an NNI. See also NNI.

Number assigned to the ANSI Task Group of Accredited Standards Committee for its internal, working document describing FDDI.

X Display Manager Control Protocol. Protocol used to communicate between X terminals and workstations running the UNIX operating system.

eXternal Data Representation. Standard for machine-independent data structures developed by Sun Microsystems. Similar to BER.

Group term used to refer to ADSL, HDSL, SDSL, and VDSL. All are emerging digital technologies using the existing copper infrastructure provided by the telephone companies. xDSL is a high-speed alternative to ISDN.

1. The VSC Execution Environment, a layer of software providing shared services for all application software on the VSC; and isolating higher-level software from operating system dependencies.

2. TransPath Execution Environment. Layer of software providing shared services for all application software on the TransPath and isolating higher-level software from operating system dependencies.

See XNS.

Xternal Media Gateway Control Protocols. Includes SGCP and MGCP.

See termid.

exchange identification. Request and response packets exchanged prior to a session between a router and a Token Ring host. If the parameters of the serial device contained in the XID packet do not match the configuration of the host, the session is dropped.

extensible markup language. A standard maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). It defines a syntax that lets you create markup languages to specify information structures. Information structures define the type of information, for example, subscriber name or address, not how the information looks (bold, italic, and so on). External processes can manipulate these information structures and publish them in a variety of formats. Text markup language designed to enable the use of SGML on the World Wide Web. XML allows you to define your own customized markup language.

Xerox Network Systems. Protocol suite originally designed by PARC. Many PC networking companies, such as 3Com, Banyan, Novell, and UB Networks used or currently use a variation of XNS as their primary transport protocol. See also X Window System.

X.25 over TCP.

Protocol developed specifically to optimize support for the X Window System over a serial communications link.

Major public PSN in the United States operated by MCI. Formerly called TYMNET.

extended tag ATM.